在鍛造時(shí)，金屬的脆性雜質(zhì)被打碎 ，順著金屬主要伸長(zhǎng)方向呈碎粒狀或鏈狀分布；塑性雜質(zhì)隨著金屬變形沿主要伸長(zhǎng)方向呈帶狀分布 ， 這樣熱鍛后的金屬組織就具有一定的方向性。

When forging, the brittle metal impurities to be broken down, the main direction of elongation is like particles of metal or plastic chain distribution; impurities with metal deformation distributed along the main direction of elongation, so after hot forging metal organization has certain direction.

自由鍛造是靠人工操作來(lái)控制鍛件的形狀和尺寸的，所以鍛件精度低，加工余量大，勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，生產(chǎn)率也不高，因此它主要應(yīng)用于單件、小批量生產(chǎn)。

Free forging is by manual operation to the shape and size of the forgings, so the precision of the forgings is low, the processing allowance is large, the labor intensity is big, and the productivity is not high. Therefore, it is mainly used in single piece and small batch production.

自由鍛造分手工自由鍛和機(jī)器自由鍛。手工自由鍛生產(chǎn)效率低，勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，僅用于修配或簡(jiǎn)單、小型、小批鍛件的生產(chǎn)。

Manual free forging is inefficient and labor intensive. It is only used for the production of repair or simple, small and small forgings.Free forging cists of manual free forging and machine free forging.